Brand Asset Valuator Model – BAV Model to measure Brand Equity (Philip Kotler Summary)

1. Differentiation measures the degree to which a brand is seen as different from others.
2. Relevance measures the breadth of a brand’s appeal.
3. Esteem measures how well the brand is regarded and respected.
4. Knowledge measures how familiar and intimate consumers are with the brand.

As per the BAV Model, Differentiation and Relevance combine to determine Brand Strength. These two pillars point to the brand’s future value, rather than just reflecting its past. Esteem and Knowledge together create Brand Stature, which is more of a “report card” on past performance.

Examining the relationships among these four dimensions—a brand’s “pillar pattern”—reveals much about its current and future status. Brand Strength and Brand Stature can be combined to form a Power Grid that depicts the stages in the cycle of brand development—each with its characteristic pillar patterns—in successive quadrants. New brands, just after they are launched, show low levels on all four pillars. Strong new brands tend to show higher levels of Differentiation than Relevance, while both Esteem and Knowledge are lower still. Leadership brands show high levels of all four pillars. Finally, declining brands show high Knowledge—evidence of past performance—relative to a lower level of Esteem, and even lower Relevance and Differentiation.